Timeline of AI law in India

Cabinet approval

The Rajasthan Cabinet approves the AI/ML Policy 2026, as reported by MediaNama.

Advisory on obscene content

MeitY advises intermediaries to curb obscene, pornographic and vulgar content.

MeitY advisory on obscene content

MeitY's Cyber Laws Division advises intermediaries to curb obscene, pornographic and vulgar content, warning of loss of safe harbour.

White paper Version 3.0

The PSA's paper on democratising access to AI infrastructure is dated 29 December 2025.

MediaNama describes BIS role in AI standards

Coverage of TEC's AI incident-database standard notes that BIS develops and adopts AI standards aligned with international work, voluntary unless mandated.

MediaNama analysis

MediaNama reports on the bill's Ethics Committee and developer obligations and notes it does not address copyright or data ownership.

Industry submissions

The BSA and NASSCOM argue for a statutory TDM exception rather than mandatory licensing.

Lok Sabha reply on Copyright Act review

The Centre says it is reviewing the Act's adequacy for generative AI and that authorship questions will be addressed in a white paper.

MediaNama analysis published

MediaNama examines implications for investigations, bias and fair trials.

Krishnan: no standalone AI law

MeitY Secretary S. Krishnan says India is unlikely to bring a standalone AI law for now.

Krishnan on a new law

MeitY Secretary S. Krishnan says his inclination is to avoid a new AI law.

High Court flags AI-generated petitions

In Blue Star Aluminium & Door House v. The Federal Bank, Justice M.A. Abdul Hakhim observes that some writ petitions seem AI-generated and that advocates cannot explain their pleadings.

Statewide rollout announced

The Maharashtra government and Microsoft announce expansion to all 1,100 police stations.

Association's separate revision withdrawn

Justice Prateek Jalan dismisses C.R.P. 287/2025 as withdrawn after arguments; the order does not mention AI.

AI Committee reconstituted

CJI Surya Kant reconstitutes the Supreme Court's AI Committee with Justice P.S. Narasimha as chair, per Bar & Bench.

DPIIT working paper reported

A DPIIT committee working paper proposes a mandatory blanket licence for AI training with statutory royalties.

DPIIT working paper Part I

DPIIT releases Part I of its generative AI and copyright working paper; copyright in AI outputs is left for Part II.

Order before Justice Deshmukh

Defendants 4 and 6 undertake to provide information on a proper request. The matter is adjourned to 14 January 2026 and ad-interim relief continues.

Working Paper Part 1 released

The committee publishes "One Nation One License One Payment", proposing a hybrid mandatory licensing model.

Introduced in the Lok Sabha

Bharti Pardhi introduces the bill as a private member's bill during the Winter Session.

Supreme Court declines to regulate by order

A bench led by CJI Surya Kant says judges are extremely cautious and AI will not be allowed to overpower judicial decision-making, and allows a plea seeking regulation to be withdrawn.

Supreme Court declines to regulate AI by order

A bench led by CJI Surya Kant allows withdrawal of a plea for regulation of AI in the judiciary, saying judges are cautious and AI will not overpower judicial decision-making.

Fake news report tabled in the Lok Sabha

MediaNama reports that the report was tabled; stakeholders' positions on AI labelling and definitions are summarised.

Grok image editing misused

From around Christmas, users on X prompt Grok to undress or sexualise photographs of real people.

Compute milestone

Over 38,000 GPUs are onboarded to the IndiaAI Compute Portal.

TEC 57090:2025 released

TEC's listing records release of the standard on the schema and taxonomy of an AI incident database.

Fresh hearing before new bench

Shri Laxmi Prasad Sahu and Shri Keshav Dubey hear the appeal afresh.

Bihar results

Counting for the Bihar Assembly election and by-elections concludes the first polls held under the October 2025 rules.

IFF submits comments

The Internet Freedom Foundation files comments on the draft.

Delhi HC remarks on takedown burden

In Rajat Sharma's personality-rights suit the court is reported to say people should not have to come to court over deepfakes.

Broadband India Forum argues right to information

BIF argues that Article 19 protects the right to receive information and opposes any injunction.

Draft comment deadline

Stakeholder comments are due; IAMAI and Nasscom call the labelling mandate premature and the definition too broad.

Guidelines recommend an AIGG

MeitY releases the India AI Governance Guidelines, recommending an AI Governance Group chaired by the PSA and a Technology and Policy Expert Committee.

India AI Governance Guidelines

MeitY releases guidelines that recommend a voluntary national AI incident database.

AI Governance Guidelines

MeitY releases guidelines that suggest reviewing and amending the IT Act and do not propose a standalone AI law.

Guidelines released

MeitY releases the India AI Governance Guidelines, with seven sutras, six pillars and an action plan.

Governance guidelines

MeitY releases guidelines calling the Institute the main body for safe and trusted AI and recommending that it be resourced.

MCA floats RFP on big-tech thresholds

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs seeks a study on thresholds and core digital services for the Digital Competition Bill.

Adalat.AI mandatory statewide

Use of Adalat.AI for recording depositions becomes mandatory across Kerala's courts, with a fall-back only to tools approved by the High Court's Directorate of IT.

AI Governance Guidelines cite the framework

The India AI Governance Guidelines cite the framework and recommend training for officials, regulators and civil servants.

Government publishes BIS list of AI standards

Annexure 6 of the India AI Governance Guidelines lists 26 published and five developing BIS standards on AI and related topics.

India AI Governance Guidelines await DPIIT recommendations

The Guidelines suggest the committee consider a balanced approach enabling text and data mining and note they await its recommendations.

India AI Governance Guidelines

MeitY's guidelines list the ICMR guidelines among sectoral AI documents and call for sector-appropriate enforcement.

Red Fort blast content advisory

MeitY orders platforms to curb content relating to the Red Fort blast, with warnings of penalties for not reporting (as noted by MediaNama).

Etsy compliance affidavits

Etsy files compliance affidavits in both suits (Defendant 5 in the Aishwarya suit and Defendant 9 in the Abhishek suit).

Ex parte against Defendant 16

Justice Manmeet Pritam Singh Arora closes Defendant 16's right to file a written statement and proceeds ex parte against it.

Chief Minister announces AI policy

Bhajan Lal Sharma says Rajasthan will introduce an AI policy at the TiE Global Summit in January.

Janitor AI compliance affidavit

Defendant 7 in the Aishwarya suit files a compliance affidavit, later relied on to delete it from the suit.

Expanded advisory

Advisory No. 4/Misc/2025/SDR/Vol.XX adds 10% labels, creator disclosure, three-hour takedown and record-keeping under Article 324.

Expanded directions

A new advisory continues the 2024 letter, adding 10% labels, disclosure of the creating entity, record-keeping and a three-hour takedown of misrepresenting content.

MeitY draft rules

MeitY publishes draft IT Rules amendments proposing a 10% minimum label for synthetic content.

Draft amendments published

MeitY publishes draft synthetic-information rules with a notice and explanatory note; the draft proposes a 10% label.

Draft synthetic-content rules

MeitY publishes draft amendments to the IT Rules on synthetically generated information.

MeitY publishes draft synthetic-content rules

The explanatory note refers to concerns raised in both Houses of Parliament.

Draft guidance released

CDSCO issues a draft guidance on medical device software for a 30-day comment period.

CDSCO draft medical device software guidance

CDSCO issues a draft guidance on medical device software, including AI-enabled software; a final version follows in 2026.

Chief Electoral Officer responds

The CEO confirms sharing EPIC data for pensioner life certificates and denies use for facial recognition.

Cited in Akshay Kumar's order

Counsel for Akshay Hari Om Bhatia cites the Arijit Singh order as 2024 SCC OnLine Bom 2445, paras 16-18, in a Bombay High Court personality-rights suit.

Cited in Akshay Kumar's suit

Counsel for Akshay Hari Om Bhatia cites the order as 2025 SCC OnLine Bom 3485 (paras 15 to 18).

Compliance recorded

Justice Manmeet Pritam Singh Arora records compliance by X, Meta, DoT and MeitY, and asks YouTube to use technology to remove identical or similar content.

Compliance reported

Counsel for Defendant 4 says the 29 September order has been complied with. The matter is stood over to 17 November 2025 and ad-interim relief continues.

Cited in Suniel Shetty's suit

Counsel for Suniel Shetty cites Asha Bhosle v. Mayk Inc in the Bombay High Court; the same court grants him an ex parte order covering AI-generated content, deepfakes and voice-cloned audio.

ECI warns against AI deepfakes

The ECI cautions parties against AI deepfakes and requires prominent labelling of synthetic campaign content.

Governor's fintech priorities

Governor Sanjay Malhotra names AI among five fintech priorities, citing the FREE-AI recommendations.

Bihar MCC in force

Bihar Assembly election and eight by-elections announced; the Model Code of Conduct applies, including to online content.

Order reported

Bar & Bench reports that the court held AI voice-conversion tools offered without consent violate celebrity personality rights.

Market study published

The CCI publishes the Market Study on Artificial Intelligence and Competition prepared by MDI Gurgaon, with a self-audit guidance note.

Roadmap listed by NITI Aayog

NITI Aayog lists the Roadmap on AI for Inclusive Societal Development under its Frontier Tech Hub reports.

Proposed Phase 1: mission orientation

The roadmap proposes drafting a mission charter in 2025 to 2026.

Order relied on in Asha Bhosle's case

The Bombay High Court cites the Aishwarya Rai Bachchan order when protecting Asha Bhosle against AI voice cloning.

Cited in Asha Bhosle's order

The Bombay High Court (Justice Arif S. Doctor) relies on the Arijit Singh order when protecting Asha Bhosle against AI voice cloning.

Ad-interim injunction

The Bombay High Court restrains the AI and seller defendants from using her name, voice and likeness through AI, and directs Amazon, Flipkart and Google to remove content and disclose details.

Adalat.AI directed for depositions

An office memorandum directs that witness depositions be recorded primarily with the Adalat.AI voice-to-text tool in all courts from 1 November 2025, after a pilot in four Ernakulam courts.

ThePrint report

ThePrint reports that the petition's fake quotations and cases were attributed to ChatGPT by the respondents' lawyers, and that the judge called such use impermissible.

Matter wrongly listed

Justice Arif S. Doctor records that the matter was wrongly placed on the board and should be listed on 29 September 2025.

Delhi High Court records non-existent precedents; petition withdrawn

Justice Girish Kathpalia notes counsel's statements that some cited precedents and quoted portions do not exist, and dismisses CM(M) 1909/2025 as withdrawn.

Writ petition disposed of

After the President reassigns the case to another bench, Justice M. Nagaprasanna disposes of the petition as infructuous, with liberty to the trust to pursue remedies if an adverse order follows.

First of three trial court orders

A Karkardooma trial court passes the first of the orders of 18, 20 and 22 September 2025 that the association challenges.

Press coverage and critique

MediaNama reports on the roadmap and the criticism that India lacks a Cabinet-endorsed national AI policy.

IT committee report on fake news

The Standing Committee on Communications and IT recommends concrete solutions on safe harbour.

Communications and IT committee report

The committee presents its report on curbing fake news, with recommendations on AI-generated content and safe harbour.

NCLAT dismisses the appeal

In Company Appeal (AT) (Insolvency) No. 1808 of 2024 the NCLAT upholds the admission and reproduces the NCLT's paragraph 12 with the six citations.

Abhishek Bachchan: companion order

In CS(COMM) 960/2025 the same judge passes a mirror order against 15 defendants, directing 72-hour takedowns and blocking of URLs.

Aishwarya Rai Bachchan: ex parte interim injunction

Justice Tejas Karia restrains 10 defendants from using her name, image and likeness through AI, deepfakes and face morphing, and directs Google, an e-commerce platform, MeitY and DoT to act.

Procedural directions

Justice Manmeet Pritam Singh Arora gives the plaintiff further time to comply with earlier directions and lists the suit in December 2025.

Date given in repository

The Pacta repository records the roadmap as September 2025; NITI Aayog's own listing says October 2025.

Roadmap published

NITI Frontier Tech Hub publishes 'AI for Viksit Bharat' with McKinsey as the analytical partner.

NITI Aayog 'AI for Viksit Bharat' roadmap

A new NITI Frontier Tech Hub roadmap on AI-led growth appears, which the press reads against the 2018 strategy.

Second phase

Eight additional foundation-model initiatives are announced under the IndiaAI Foundation Models pillar.

Complaint on voter data and facial recognition

Researcher Srinivas Kodali complains to the state Chief Electoral Officer about alleged use of voter photographs in RTDAI (reported by MediaNama on 9 September 2025).

1,500 datasets, 217 models

The governance guidelines report the content of the platform from 34 entities across 20 sectors.

38,231 GPUs available

The governance guidelines report the figure and a planned secure cluster of 3,000 next-generation GPUs.

First phase

The governance guidelines report four startups supported in the first phase.

38,000 GPUs

The governance guidelines report more than 38,231 GPUs available and AIKosh holding 1,500 datasets and 217 models.

Home Affairs committee report

The committee asks CERT-In to coordinate monitoring and issue deepfake detection alerts.

Home Affairs committee presents cybercrime report

The 254th Report recommends watermarking, a labelling and provenance framework and harsher IT Act penalties.

Karnataka High Court interim order

In W.P. 25280/2025 the High Court records that the order prima facie appears AI-driven, stays Tribunal proceedings and restrains the Judicial Member who authored the recalled order from hearing the matter.

Trial court cites four non-existent judgments

A trial court in Andhra Pradesh dismisses objections to an Advocate Commissioner's report, relying on four decisions the defendants say do not exist.

SpicyIP critique

SpicyIP publishes "Bench and Bot", welcoming the audit and training provisions but criticising the exemption of the High Court itself.

Report published

The RBI releases the FREE-AI report with 7 Sutras, 6 pillars and 26 recommendations.

Google LLC v. Controller of Patents

The Calcutta High Court upholds a Section 3(k) rejection, with the Controller having relied on the 2017 test.

Parliamentary committee cites the study

The Standing Committee on Finance says the study should be foundational evidence for refining the Digital Competition Bill.

Batch listed

Last verified listing date; the outcome could not be located.

Policy document published

The Leaflet publishes the policy PDF and an explainer on what it provides.

Kerala issues first judicial AI policy

The Kerala High Court bars the use of AI for findings and judgments in the district judiciary and restricts cloud chatbots.

AI policy circulated to the district judiciary

A Joint Registrar's Official Memorandum (HCKL/7490/2025-DI-3-HC KERALA) transmits the Policy Regarding Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in District Judiciary to all District Judges and Chief Judicial Magistrates. Bar & Bench reports it as a first in the country.

Ex parte against Defendants 15 and 24

The suit proceeds only against Defendants 15, 16 and 24, and Defendants 15 and 24 are proceeded against ex parte.

AIBOM guidelines reported

MediaNama reports on the AIBOM guidelines and what they mean for AI procurement.

Technical Guidelines Version 2.0

CERT-In issues guidelines on SBOM, QBOM, CBOM, AIBOM and HBOM, recommending AIBOMs in government AI procurement.

Call to contribute datasets

IndiaAI opens an expression of interest for contributing datasets and AI artefacts to AIKosh.

Six interventions allowed

FIP, DNPA, IMI, Flux Labs AI, IGAP and Broadband India Forum are allowed to make submissions confined to the issues framed in November 2024.

TGDeX document released

The ITE&C Department and JICA publish the TGDeX paper describing a state AI data exchange.

Final CRI Guidelines 2025

The final Guidelines, including a chapter on AI/ML/DL inventions, are published and apply with immediate effect.

Drafting committee constituted

MeitY forms a drafting committee chaired by Prof. Balaraman Ravindran.

CRI Guidelines 2025 published

The Patent Office's guidelines on computer related inventions add a chapter on AI/ML inventions, including inventorship.

Drafting committee

MeitY constitutes a drafting committee chaired by Prof. Balaraman Ravindran to finalise the framework.

Responsible AI/ML consultation paper

SEBI invites comments on principles-based guidelines for responsible usage of AI/ML in securities markets.

Critique published

SpicyIP publishes an analysis of the Sadhguru and Ankur Warikoo orders questioning their doctrinal basis and the 36-hour takedown.

Draft robustness standard issued

Draft TEC 57070:2025 goes out for comments until 5 August 2025.

Ex parte "dynamic+" injunction

Justice Saurabh Banerjee restrains the primary defendants, orders domain suspension, takedown and blocking, and permits 36-hour notice-and-removal of new deepfake content.

Supreme Court sends Goswami PIL to Delhi

A Supreme Court bench declines W.P.(C) 300/2025 and relegates the petitioner to the Delhi High Court.

Goswami deepfake PIL relegated to Delhi

A bench of Justices Surya Kant and N. Kotiswar Singh declines W.P.(C) 300/2025 because the Delhi High Court is seized of connected matters, and gives liberty to seek impleadment there.

Second-round bids reported

Bids for about 18,000 GPUs are under evaluation and seven companies are shortlisted.

More than 230 applications

MediaNama reports the volume of applications for India-specific LLMs and small language models.

Takedown requests to YouTube

The plaintiffs' representatives send takedown requests on 10 May and again on 13 May 2025.

TV Today Network petition disposed of

The court disposes of W.P.(C) 6037/2025 with liberty to send suggestions to the committee and lists the batch for 23 July 2025.

Data-centre workshop

NITI Aayog hosts a workshop with Deloitte urging states to build AI-ready data centres.

Open-source debate

MediaNama reports that the sovereign model will not be open-sourced, prompting the "public money, public code" argument.

DPIIT forms the committee

An office memorandum constitutes a multi-stakeholder committee on generative AI and copyright chaired by Himani Pande.

DPIIT copyright committee formed

The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade sets up a committee on AI and copyright, whose recommendations the Guidelines await.

Sarvam AI selected

Sarvam is the first company funded to build a sovereign LLM; about 4,000 GPUs for six months and a 40% compute subsidy are reported.

First sovereign model selected

Sarvam AI is the first company selected to build a sovereign foundation model under the Mission.

Nagpur pilot begins

Nagpur district police begin using MahaCrimeOS AI in 23 police stations.

506 proposals received

The Call for Proposals has drawn 506 proposals; selections follow expert evaluation.

Telangana AI Rising Grand Challenge

Six departments share datasets; over 240 start-ups submit 420+ proposals, testing the TGDeX model.

Draft CRI Guidelines 2025 released

The Patent Office invites comments on the draft; the deadline is later extended to 30 April 2025.

Status report: two meetings held

MeitY reports that the committee has met twice and needs further deliberation; three months are allowed.

Law Minister: AI used for case management only

The Law Minister tells Parliament that the Supreme Court integrates AI and ML into case management and does not use them for judgments or orders.

MeitY reaches out to X over Grok

The IT Ministry says it is examining why Grok replied with Hindi slang and abusive language; no formal notice is reported.

Grievance Appellate Committee order

A Grievance Appellate Committee order leads YouTube to remove some content, according to the plaintiffs.

AI command centre announced

The state budget announces an AI-powered command and control centre at the Mumbai Police Commissioner's office.

Framework launched

IndiaAI launches the Competency Framework for AI for Public Sector Officials at the launch of AIKosh and the IndiaAI Compute Portal.

iGOT-AI announced

An AI-powered personalised content recommendation system for government officials on iGOT Karmayogi is announced alongside the framework.

AIKosh launched

Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw launches AIKosh with the IndiaAI Compute Portal.

IndiaAI Compute Portal launched

Subsidised GPU access opens to startups, researchers, students and government bodies.

Compute Portal and AIKosh launched

Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw launches the IndiaAI Compute Portal, the AIKosh datasets platform and other initiatives on the Mission anniversary.

IFF submission published

The Internet Freedom Foundation publishes its response and a critique of the consultation process.

Commentary and press reports

SpicyIP publishes an analysis of the order and the recall, citing a Livemint report describing the errors as AI hallucinations.

Consultation deadline

Final date for comments after the extension; Dvara Research and SFLC.in publish submissions dated this day.

IGP comments

The Internet Governance Project posts its comments on the report.

Hearings begin

The court begins hearing the interim application, starting with the amici. Hearings continue over 21 dates.

Fresh hearing fixed after recall

The Tribunal recalls its own order on suo motu perusal under Section 254(2), noting "certain inadvertent errors", and fixes a fresh hearing on this date.

First submission date

The IndiaAI Mission opens its call for foundation-model proposals, with later submission dates on the 15th of each month.

Kerala HC bench records ChatGPT search

In Dr. S. Ganapathy v. Union of India (W.P.(C) 2449/2021), a Division Bench notes that it searched online and that ChatGPT "provided us with the prevalent policies" on brain death; it does not rely on the chart for its decision.

Amendment Regulations dated

SEBI's register records amendments to the Intermediaries, Depositories and Participants and SECC Regulations on this date.

Law Ministry: Rs 54 crore for AI adoption

Bar & Bench reports a parliamentary reply on AI funds under Phase III and a six-judge sub-committee on data protection.

Delhi Assembly poll

First election held after the labelling advisory, following an FIR over an AAP AI video of Modi and Shah.

First-year allocation cut

The 2024-25 allocation is revised down from Rs 551.75 crore to Rs 173 crore.

Budget 2025-26

A Rs 500 crore Centre of Excellence for AI in education is announced.

Music labels seek to intervene

Indian Music Industry, reportedly backed by T-Series, Saregama and Sony Music, applies to intervene (I.A. 4027/2025).

Tripura MoU

Tripura signs a memorandum to integrate BHASHINI into its e-governance platforms.

Capacity raised to 18,693 GPUs

Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announces 8,693 more GPUs on top of the initial 10,000, at about Rs 100 per hour after subsidy.

GPU capacity and Safety Institute announced

The government announces 18,693 GPUs of compute capacity and the IndiaAI Safety Institute.

Institute announced

Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announces the IndiaAI Safety Institute with a hub-and-spoke design.

Caleb Suresh Motupalli v. Controller of Patents

The Madras High Court rejects an AI-related claim for insufficient disclosure under Section 10(4); the decision is later quoted in the Guidelines.

Jurisdiction objection deferred; amici submissions on record

OpenAI objects to territorial jurisdiction, and the court says it will decide the point with the injunction application. Notice is issued on DNPA's intervention, and intervenors are told the scope of the suit will not be enlarged.

Safe & Trusted AI tools

Abhishek Singh outlines voluntary toolkits for testing bias, privacy and compliance and discusses the ParakhAI project.

Date printed on the bill

The bill is dated 20 January 2025, according to MediaNama.

First labelling advisory

Advisory No. 491/Social media-SOP/2025/Communication asks parties to label AI-generated content and add disclaimers to campaign ads.

AI labelling advisory

The ECI builds on the 2024 letter, asking parties to label AI-generated campaign content.

MediaNama analysis

MediaNama publishes an analysis of the report's recommendations, updated on 28 January.

Report released

MeitY publishes the 'Report on AI Governance Guidelines Development' for public feedback.

Subcommittee report for consultation

MeitY publishes the 'Report on AI Governance Guidelines Development' and invites public comment; the deadline is extended to 27 February 2025.

Call for Proposals

The IndiaAI Mission invites proposals for foundational AI models aligned to India-specific needs.

Surveys and consultations

The RBI surveys 612 supervised entities and 76 entities (January–May 2025) while the Committee meets stakeholders.