Insights
The shape of India's AI rulebook: when it was written, who wrote it, what it covers and where things stand.
Each entry is counted once in the totals: under India if it is a Union-level instrument or Supreme Court ruling, otherwise under its state. A state page also lists entries that concern that state, so per-state figures are listings, not distinct entries, and can add up to more than the total. For example, the Punjab and Haryana High Court sits in Chandigarh and hears cases from Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh, so a ruling coded to one of them can appear on all three pages.
Entries by year
Entries in this archive by primary date (judgment, enactment, notification or launch), stacked by category. Editorial overviews are excluded.
Entries by year, stacked by category: 2025 has the most, with 24 entries.
Show as table
| Year | Acts, Bills & Regulations | Rulings & Decisions | Guidelines, Advisories & Orders | Reports & White Papers | Initiatives & Incentives | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2020 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2021 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2022 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 2023 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| 2024 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 12 |
| 2025 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 24 |
| 2026 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 22 |
Institutions most represented
Courts, ministries and regulators behind the most entries in this archive. This reflects what has been catalogued here, not overall institutional activity.
Most represented institution: MeitY with 19 entries.
Show as table
| Institution | Entries |
|---|---|
| MeitY | 19 |
| Delhi High Court | 12 |
| Supreme Court of India | 6 |
| NITI Aayog | 5 |
| DPIIT | 3 |
| Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India | 3 |
| Parliament of India | 2 |
| Bombay High Court | 2 |
| Election Commission of India | 2 |
| High Court of Gujarat | 2 |
| SEBI | 2 |
| Copyright Office | 2 |
Where things stand
Share of each type by current status.
Across all categories, the largest status group is "In force / Issued" with 44 entries.
Show as table
| Type | In force / Issued | Pending / Draft | Decided / Concluded | Withdrawn / Struck down |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts, Bills & Regulations | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Rulings & Decisions | 0 | 14 | 9 | 0 |
| Guidelines, Advisories & Orders | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Reports & White Papers | 9 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Initiatives & Incentives | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Topics × categories
How each topic is addressed in this archive: by Acts, Bills & Regulations, Rulings & Decisions, Guidelines, Reports, Initiatives. Darker cells hold more entries; select a cell to open those entries.
The densest cell is Responsible AI & Governance in Guidelines, Advisories & Orders, with 15 entries.
Show as table
| Topic | Acts, Bills & Regulations | Rulings & Decisions | Guidelines | Reports | Initiatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Responsible AI & Governance | 7 | 8 | 15 | 10 | 6 |
| Deepfakes & Synthetic Media | 2 | 12 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
| National Strategy & Missions | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 11 |
| Intermediary Liability & IT Rules | 3 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
| Government & Public Services | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 9 |
| AI in Courts & the Legal Profession | 1 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Compute, Data & Sovereign Models | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 |
| Personality & Publicity Rights | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| AI Safety & Security | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Copyright & Training Data | 0 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Skills, Education & Jobs | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| Cybercrime, Fraud & Scams | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Digital Public Infrastructure & Languages | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
| Free Speech & Content Moderation | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| AI Authorship & Patents | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Privacy & Data Protection | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Standards & Certification | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| Banking, Fintech & Securities | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Elections & Political Campaigns | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Healthcare & Biomedical Research | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Policing & Surveillance | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| State Government Initiatives | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Telecom & Digital Infrastructure | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Consumer Protection | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Facial Recognition & Biometrics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Competition & Markets | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |