Court RulingLandmark
ANI v. OpenAI
India's first copyright suit over training a large language model on news; interim injunction refused in July 2026, appeal pending
Pacta AI Observatory
Explore the observatory
Every law, ruling and policy shaping AI in India.
An independent, sourced map of the Acts, bills, regulations, court rulings, guidelines, reports and initiatives that govern artificial intelligence in India, each explained in plain language and tracked as it develops.
7
Acts, Bills & Regulations
23
Court Rulings & Decisions
19
Guidelines, Advisories & Orders
12
Reports & White Papers
15
Initiatives & Incentives
76 entries in the observatory, plus 2 editorial overviews not counted above. Counts are entries in this archive, not a census of all government activity.
Landmark rulings & laws
All rulings & laws
Court RulingLandmark
Pooja Ramesh Singh v. J&K Bank
Supreme Court sets aside NCLT and NCLAT insolvency rulings built on hallucinated precedents and declares "zero tolerance" for unverified AI citations
Rules & RegulationsLandmark
IT Rules amendment on synthetic content (2026)
India's first binding AI-specific content rules: labelling, provenance and prevention duties for deepfakes, and a three-hour takedown deadline
Court RulingLandmark
Anil Kapoor v. Simply Life India
Delhi High Court's 2023 omnibus order protecting an actor's persona against AI, deepfakes, face-morphing and voice misuse
Court Ruling
Devi Prasad Shetty v. Medicine Me
Delhi High Court decree of 5 October 2026 permanently enjoining AI deepfake videos that falsely showed a cardiac surgeon endorsing drugs
Court Ruling
Supreme Court AI and deepfake petitions
The Supreme Court has declined to frame AI or deepfake rules by writ and, in September 2026, stayed a Gujarat High Court deepfake PIL at the Union's request
India has no single AI law. The rules live in court rulings, regulations, guidelines and state policies.
The observatory gathers them in one place and labels the legal effect of each, so you can tell what binds from what only advises.
Browse
Explore by category
Laws and rulings are kept separate from guidance, reports and initiatives.
Acts, Bills & Regulations
7 entries
23 entries
19 entries
12 entries
15 entries
9 states and UTs with entries
7 entries
Acts in force, bills and drafts, and binding rules and regulations that expressly govern artificial intelligence in India.
Court Rulings & Decisions23 entries
Judgments and orders of the Supreme Court, High Courts and tribunals, and decisions of administrative authorities such as the…
Guidelines, Advisories & Orders19 entries
Guidelines, advisories, circulars, standards and court AI policies. Most are not legally binding; each entry states its legal…
Reports & White Papers12 entries
Reports, white papers, working papers, consultation papers and committee recommendations. These inform policy but are not law.
Initiatives & Incentives15 entries
National and state missions, programmes, policies and incentive schemes for artificial intelligence.
States & UTs9 states and UTs with entries
State policies and missions, and High Court rulings.
Latest developments
Timeline What just happened
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Oct 9, 2026
Settlement time; personal appearance directed
Justice Purushaindra Kumar Kaurav allows time to finalise settlement with some defendants and directs the actor to appear in person if it fails.
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Oct 9, 2026
IFF calls for withdrawal
The Internet Freedom Foundation says the advisory has no legal basis and alters the Rule 3(1)(b)(v) standard.
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Oct 9, 2026
Regulations published in the Gazette
The SEBI (Intermediaries) (Second Amendment) Regulations, 2026 are published; SEBI's register records them under 10 October.
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Oct 8, 2026
Consultation paper promised
Vaishnaw says MeitY will release a regulation-focused consultation paper on AI within a month.
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Oct 8, 2026
Enhanced-diligence advisory
MeitY issues a new advisory to social media intermediaries; IFF notes the next day that Rule 3(4) remains unnotified.
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Oct 8, 2026
Labelling advisory extends beyond the rules
MeitY asks platforms to label or contextualise manipulated, synthetic or misleading content about current events.
On the horizon
Coming up
Nov162026
Next hearingAnil Kapoor v. Simply Life Indiain 32 days
Nov162026
Next hearingAmitabh Bachchan v. Rajat Nagiin 32 days
Dec82026
Appeal next listedANI v. OpenAIin 54 days
Dec142026
Next listingSonakshi Sinha v. Character.AIin 60 days
Jan192027
Appeal next listedDABUS patent applicationin 96 days
Topics
All topics
Responsible AI & Governance
Principles and governance frameworks for safe, trusted and accountable AI.
46 entries
Deepfakes & Synthetic Media
Rules, advisories and court orders on AI-generated and manipulated audio, images and video.
21 entries
National Strategy & Missions
NITI Aayog's #AIForAll strategy, the IndiaAI Mission and national AI programmes.
20 entries
Intermediary Liability & IT Rules
Safe harbour under Section 79 of the IT Act, due-diligence duties under the IT Rules, and takedown regimes.
17 entries
Government & Public Services
AI in public administration, welfare delivery, agriculture, health and education services.
16 entries
AI in Courts & the Legal Profession
How Indian courts use AI, judicial policies on AI tools, and hallucinated citations in litigation.
11 entries
Across India
53 national entries and 23 from 9 states and union territories.