Overview
AI Hallucination Cases in Indian Courts
Overview of incidents in which non-existent or misquoted authorities surfaced in Indian orders and filings, and how courts and the Bar have responded
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
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Filter every law, ruling, guideline, report and initiative by category, status, legal effect, state, topic and year.
Court RulingLandmark
Pooja Ramesh Singh v. J&K Bank
Supreme Court sets aside NCLT and NCLAT insolvency rulings built on hallucinated precedents and declares "zero tolerance" for unverified AI citations
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
Rules & Regulations
SC Draft AI Regulations, 2026
The Supreme Court's AI Committee proposes a national framework for AI in courts: human primacy, banned uses, disclosure by litigants, audits and an Apex Body
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
Guideline, Advisory or Order
Gujarat HC AI Policy
Gujarat High Court bars AI from adjudication and drafting of orders, fixes personal liability on signatories, and later enforces AI norms on State tax officers
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
Court Ruling
Gummadi Usha Rani v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao
Supreme Court inquiry into a trial court that relied on four AI-generated, non-existent judgments; declares such reliance "misconduct"
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
Court Ruling
Greenopolis Welfare Association v. Narender Singh
Delhi High Court petition withdrawn on 25 September 2025 after respondents showed that precedents and quotations cited for the petitioner did not exist
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
Guideline, Advisory or Order
Kerala HC AI Policy
Reported as India's first High Court AI policy for judges: no AI for findings or judgments, no cloud chatbots, audit logs and mandatory training
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
Court Ruling
Buckeye Trust (ITAT hallucinated citations)
A Rs 669 crore tax appeal in which an ITAT Bengaluru order of December 2024 cited authorities that could not be found, was recalled, and was redecided in 2026
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
Court Ruling
Louboutin v. Shoe Boutique (ChatGPT)
Delhi High Court holds that ChatGPT output "cannot be the basis of adjudication of legal or factual issues" in a RED SOLE trademark suit
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
Court Ruling
Jaswinder Singh v. State of Punjab (ChatGPT bail order)
A High Court bail order that quoted ChatGPT's answer on cruelty; bail was refused on the facts and the AI passage was expressly not relied on
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
Initiative or Incentive
eCourts Phase III
Union Cabinet-approved Rs 7,210 crore programme to build digital, paperless courts, with AI, OCR and blockchain among its enabling technologies
Status checked Oct 15, 2026
Initiative or Incentive
Supreme Court AI Initiatives
The tools the Supreme Court uses or is building (SUPACE, SUVAS, transcription, listing, pendency tracking) and the AI Committee that now governs them
Status checked Oct 15, 2026